Water crisis has been a persistent problem in many parts of the world due to ignorant usage, pollution and natural causes mostly in countries on or around equator. It is imperative to look for solutions as there is only a small percent of surface water which is fit for drinking.
One of the most efficient ways to solve the water crisis is wastewater management which has a twofold impact as it prevents polluted water from being released into the natural water streams and the treated water can be used again for consumption. Wastewater is treated in mainly two ways physical - which involves physical measures to remove noticeable objects and chemical – which uses chemical to break down the waste for separation from water. A wastewater management project has several stages which include:
Preliminary stage: The first task in water treatment is screening for coarse or solid objects like grits, rocks and other inorganic materials including trash which is separated through coarse screening and grit removal techniques. Removal of these materials is necessary to enhance the operation and maintenance of subsequent treatment units.
Primary stage: After the primary screening is done, the effluent travels to sewage treatments. At this stage 25 to 50% of the incoming BOD5 - biochemical oxygen demand, 50 to 70% of the total suspended solids, and 65% of the oil and grease components of the sludge are removed as the task is to remove the settleable organic and inorganic solids by sedimentation process.
Secondary stage: This stage is also known as activated sludge process where suspended solids and the residual organics are removed from the effluent. This is done using aerobic biological treatment processes primarily which involves bioorganic matter like bacteria to break down the sludge. Bigger projects like alpha utilities projects involve a more complex treatment process which also uses Trickling Filters and Rotating Biological Contactors.
Advanced stage: separate treatment processes are necessary to remove some of the elements of the waste that are not removed in primary and secondary stage like nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended solids, heavy metals and dissolved solids.
Disinfection: As the waste water goes through the treatment process it dissolves some chemicals along with the present toxics. Some of the disinfecting methods include using chlorine tablets absorb chemicals. Ultra violet and ozone are some other common ways to do it.
Odor control: the smell from the methods and elements used to treat the waste water leave it with a bad odor which is taken care of if it is used for human consumption.
One of the most efficient ways to solve the water crisis is wastewater management which has a twofold impact as it prevents polluted water from being released into the natural water streams and the treated water can be used again for consumption. Wastewater is treated in mainly two ways physical - which involves physical measures to remove noticeable objects and chemical – which uses chemical to break down the waste for separation from water. A wastewater management project has several stages which include:
Preliminary stage: The first task in water treatment is screening for coarse or solid objects like grits, rocks and other inorganic materials including trash which is separated through coarse screening and grit removal techniques. Removal of these materials is necessary to enhance the operation and maintenance of subsequent treatment units.
Primary stage: After the primary screening is done, the effluent travels to sewage treatments. At this stage 25 to 50% of the incoming BOD5 - biochemical oxygen demand, 50 to 70% of the total suspended solids, and 65% of the oil and grease components of the sludge are removed as the task is to remove the settleable organic and inorganic solids by sedimentation process.
Secondary stage: This stage is also known as activated sludge process where suspended solids and the residual organics are removed from the effluent. This is done using aerobic biological treatment processes primarily which involves bioorganic matter like bacteria to break down the sludge. Bigger projects like alpha utilities projects involve a more complex treatment process which also uses Trickling Filters and Rotating Biological Contactors.
Advanced stage: separate treatment processes are necessary to remove some of the elements of the waste that are not removed in primary and secondary stage like nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended solids, heavy metals and dissolved solids.
Disinfection: As the waste water goes through the treatment process it dissolves some chemicals along with the present toxics. Some of the disinfecting methods include using chlorine tablets absorb chemicals. Ultra violet and ozone are some other common ways to do it.
Odor control: the smell from the methods and elements used to treat the waste water leave it with a bad odor which is taken care of if it is used for human consumption.
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